@jschuh@infosec.exchange Espionage Act is a law. It applies to everyone in the USA. Agreed.
An executive order is an administrative order signed by the president for the direction of activities and policies *within the executive branch*, such as protecting classified information. This is why there is no criminal penalty for regular folks who, say, downloaded and read Snowden leaks - it’s not illegal for them.
Similarly, congress members don’t get clearances for HASC/SASC/etc briefings.